Avalanche photodetector
Keywords
optical, electrical, unidirectional
Ports
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| input | Optical Signal |
| output | Electrical Signal |
Properties
General Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
name Defines the name of the element. |
APD Photodetector | - | - |
|
annotate Defines whether or not to display annotations on the schematic editor. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
enabled Defines whether or not the element is enabled. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
type Defines the element unique type (read only). |
APD Photodetector | - | - |
|
description A brief description of the elements functionality. |
Avalanche photodetector | - | - |
|
prefix Defines the element name prefix. |
APD | - | - |
|
model Defines the element model name. |
- | - | - |
|
library Defines the element location or source in the library (custom or design kit). |
- | - | - |
|
local path Defines the local path or working folder $LOCAL for the element. |
- | - | - |
|
url An optional URL address pointing to the element online help. |
- | - | - |
Standard Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
frequency at max power Defines whether or not to automatically set the frequency of operation of the element at the location of the peak with maximum value. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
frequency Central frequency of operation. |
193.1 |
THz* *std. unit is Hz |
(0, +∞) |
|
input parameter Defines whether to provide the responsivity or a table with frequency dependent values. |
constant | - | [constant, table |
|
responsivity The responsivity of the photodetector. |
1 | A/W | (0, +∞) |
|
load from file Defines whether or not to load measurements from an input file or to use the currently stored values. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
measurement filename The file containing the frequency dependent responsivity values. |
- | - | - |
|
measurement The table containing the frequency dependent responsivity values. |
<2> [193.1e+012, 1] | - | - |
|
multiplication factor The multiplication factor for the Avalanche Photodetector. |
1 | - | [0, +∞) |
|
ionization ratio The ionization ratio for determining the excess noise of the Avalanche Photodetector. |
1 | - | (0, 1] |
|
dark current The dark current for the photodetector. |
0 | A | [0, +∞) |
|
thermal noise The thermal noise for the photodetector. |
100e-024 |
A/Hz^.5* *std. unit is W/Hz |
[0, +∞) |
|
saturation power The saturation power of the photodetector. |
20 |
mW* *std. unit is W |
(0, +∞) |
Numerical Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
enable power saturation Defines whether or not to enable power saturation. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
enable thermal noise Defines whether or not to enable thermal noise. If 'true', the user will have to specify the 'thermal noise' value. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
enable shot noise Defines whether or not to enable shot noise. If 'true', the shot noise will be calculated and added to the signal. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
convert noise bins Defines if noise bins are incorporated into the signal waveform. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
automatic seed Defines whether or not to automatically create an unique seed value for each instance of this element. The seed will be the same for each simulation run. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
seed The value of the seed for the random number generator. A value zero recreates an unique seed for each simulation run. |
1 | - | [0, +∞) |
Numerical/Digital Filter Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
single tap filter Defines whether or not to use a single tap digital filter to represent the element transfer function in time domain. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
number of taps estimation Defines the method used to estimate the number of taps of the digital filter. |
fit tolerance | - | [disabled, fit tolerance, group delay |
|
filter fit tolerance Defines the mean square error for the fitting function. |
0.001 | - | (0, 1) |
|
window function Defines the window type for the digital filter. |
rectangular | - | [rectangular, hamming, hanning |
|
number of fir taps Defines the number of coefficients for digital filter. |
256 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
maximum number of fir taps Defines the number of coefficients for digital filter. |
4096 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
filter delay Defines the time delay equivalent to a number of coefficients for digital filter. |
0 | s | [0, +∞) |
|
initialize filter taps Defines whether to use the initial input signal to initialize filter state values or to set them to zero values. |
false | - | [true, false] |
Diagnostic Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
run diagnostic Enables the frequency response of the designed filter implementation and the ideal frequency response to be generated as results. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
diagnostic size The number of frequency points used when calculating the filter frequency response. |
1024 | - | [2, +∞) |
Results
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| diagnostic/response #/transmission | The complex transmission vs. frequency corresponding to the ideal and designed filter. |
| diagnostic/response #/gain | The gain vs. frequency corresponding to the ideal and designed filter. |
| diagnostic/response #/error | Mean square error comparing the frequency response of the designed filter implementation with the ideal frequency response. |
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Implementation Details
The APD is a highly sensitive semiconductor photodetector. For the demonstration of the PIN photodetector, please see the example file APD.icp, following is a figure of the demonstration system.
The setting table of the APD element is shown below, the major features should be taken into consideration when doing simulation are the responsivity of the photodiode and the noises.
The following two figures are the eye diagrams of the system, with the noises turned off and on with the values set according to the above table.
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Please see also the PIN photodetector.