Performs scattering data or impulse response analysis to calculate the overall circuit under test performance
Keywords
analyzer, optical, unidirectional, bidirectional
Ports
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| output | Optical Signal |
| input 1 | Optical Signal |
Properties
General Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
name Defines the name of the element. |
Optical Network Analyzer | - | - |
|
annotate Defines whether or not to display annotations on the schematic editor. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
enabled Defines whether or not the element is enabled. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
type Defines the element unique type (read only). |
Optical Network Analyzer | - | - |
|
description A brief description of the elements functionality. |
Performs scattering data or impulse response analysis to calculate the overall circuit under test performance | - | - |
|
prefix Defines the element name prefix. |
ONA | - | - |
|
model Defines the element model name. |
- | - | - |
|
library Defines the element location or source in the library (custom or design kit). |
- | - | - |
|
local path Defines the local path or working folder $LOCAL for the element. |
- | - | - |
|
url An optional URL address pointing to the element online help. |
- | - | - |
Standard Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
number of input ports Defines the number of input ports for the element. |
1 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
power The average output power. |
0 |
dBm* *std. unit is W |
(-∞, +∞) |
|
excitation The excitation output power. |
0 | W | [0, +∞) |
|
input parameter Determines how the frequency range of the analysis is defined. |
center and range | - | [center and range, start and stop |
|
center frequency Central frequency of operation. |
193.1 |
THz* *std. unit is Hz |
(0, +∞) |
|
frequency range The frequency range (bandwidth) of the analysis. |
100 |
GHz* *std. unit is Hz |
(0, +∞) |
|
start frequency The lower frequency limit of the analysis. |
193.05 |
THz* *std. unit is Hz |
(0, +∞) |
|
stop frequency The upper frequency limit of the analysis. |
193.15 |
THz* *std. unit is Hz |
(0, +∞) |
|
number of points The number of samples points of the output signal. |
1000 | - | [2, +∞) |
|
plot kind This option allow users to choose to plot in units of frequency or wavelength. |
wavelength | - | [frequency, wavelength |
|
angle unit Defines the angle unit to plot the results. |
rad | - | [rad, deg |
|
relative to center Defines whether or not to center the plots at zero frequency or wavelength. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
delay The time delay to apply to the output signal. |
0 | s | [0, +∞) |
|
limit time range Enables setting the time range( start/stop) of the analysis. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
start time Time instant to start the signal analysis. |
1 | s | [0, +∞) |
|
stop time Time instant to stop the signal analysis. |
1 | s | [0, +∞) |
Waveguide Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
orthogonal identifier The identifier used to track an orthogonal mode of an optical waveguide. For most waveguide, two orthogonal identifiers '1' and '2' are available (with the default labels 'TE' and 'TM' respectively). |
1 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
label The label corresponding to the orthogonal identifier. |
X | - | - |
Enhanced Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
peak analysis This option allows users to select the type of peak analysis to perform. |
multiple | - | [disable, single, multiple, center, fixed |
|
number of peaks The number of peaks for analysis, values are truncated or inserted to make sure the number of peaks is constant. |
10 | - | [2, +∞) |
|
peak at maximum Defines whether or not to search for peaks located at minimum (false) or maximum values (true) |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
peak threshold Signal power must be greater than the power established by the peak threshold limit. The peak threshold limit is set by subtracting the peak threshold value from the power of the largest signal peak value. |
10 | dB | [0, +∞) |
|
peak excursion The peak excursion defines the rise and fall in amplitude that must take place in order for a peak to be recognized. |
3 | dB | [0, +∞) |
|
pit excursion The pit excursion value is used to determine whether or not a local minimum in the signal is to be considered a pit. |
7 | dB | [0, +∞) |
|
fwhm excursion The fwhm excursion defines the rise and fall in amplitude that must take place whdn calculating bandwidth values. |
3 | dB | [0, +∞) |
|
minimum amplitude The minimum detectable amplitude (real and imag) value. |
1e-015 | - | [0, +∞) |
|
minimum loss The minimum detectable transmission loss level. |
200 | dB | [0, +∞) |
|
minimum angle The minimum detectable angle value. |
0.1 |
urad* *std. unit is rad |
[0, +∞) |
|
sensitivity The minimum detectable signal power level. |
-100 |
dBm* *std. unit is W |
(-∞, +∞) |
|
calculate dispersion slope Defines whether or not to calculate dispersion slope. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
data export Defines whether or not to export the calculated s-parameter to a file. |
disable | - | [disable, table, s parameters |
|
filename The name of the file for writing the output data (destination). |
sparameters.dat | - | - |
|
single mode Defines whether or not to export only modes that match the analyzer output mode. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
append Defines whether or not to append data to an existing file. |
false | - | [true, false] |
Numerical Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
analysis type Defines the type of analysis to be performed by the element. |
scattering data | - | [scattering data, impulse response |
|
maximum number of iterations This determines the maximum number of iterations required until each element calculate its s-parameter. |
1000 | - | (0, +∞) |
|
stop on convergence Defines whether or not to stop when elements finished calculating their s-parameters or run until 'maximum number of iterations' is reached. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
multithreading The number of threads to be used in the calculation. If 'automatic', the number of processor cores will be used. |
user defined | - | [automatic, user defined |
|
number of threads The user defined number of threads to be used in the calculation. |
4 | - | [1, +∞) |
Simulation Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
output signal mode The output signal mode. |
sample | - | [sample, block |
|
number of output signals The number of simulation runs, or the number of generated signals. |
1 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
input signal selection Input signal selection option. |
last | - | [last, index |
|
input signal index The signal index to analyzed. |
1 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
include delays Defines whether inserted delays should be included as part of the signal or not. |
false | - | [true, false] |
Results
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| input #/mode #/transmission | The complex transmission vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/angle | The angle vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/group delay | The group delay vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/group velocity | The normalized group velocity vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/dispersion | The normalized dispersion vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/dispersion slope | The normalized dispersion slope vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/loss | The loss vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/gain | The gain vs. frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. |
| input #/mode #/peak/transmission | The complex transmission vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/angle | The angle vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode.Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/group delay | The group delay vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/group velocity | The normalized group velocity vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/dispersion | The normalized dispersion vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/dispersion slope | The normalized dispersion slope vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/loss | The loss vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/gain | The gain vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/bandwidth | The bandwidth vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/free spectral range | The free spectral range vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/quality factor | The quality factor vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/finesse | The finesse vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/mode #/peak/extinction ratio | The extinction ratio vs. peak frequency corresponding to the input optical mode. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
| input #/peak/frequency | The peak frequency corresponding to the input port. Where peak frequency is the location of the detected peaks. |
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Implementation Details
The optical network analyzer (ONA) is usually used to test the overall circuit performances under testing mode. It also could export the analysis results.
Following is an example of how to export the analysis data from an optical network analyzer, please see also the example file ONA.icp
Note that the export data format could be s-parameter or table. In this example, the data exported is the measurements for the optical band-pass filter. Please see the data files ona_s_parameter and ona_table for more information, following is a glance for the two data files.
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Fig. 1 ONA export data - sparameter |
Fig. 2 ONA export data - table |
The analysis type can be selected from "scattering data" and "impulse response". With "scattering data" analysis selected, the scattering matrix of the element is used for the calculation of the system in frequency domain; with the "impulse response" selected, the ONA calculates the system's reaction to an impulse signal input as a function of time. The limitation of the impulse response calculation is that there are ripples introduced by the finite impulse filter (FIR) used. Following is a figure measured for the gain of a Fabry-Perot filter with the "scattering data" and "impulse response" analysis type, respectively.
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After the simulation is run, a number of measurements will be generated. To view the results, right click on the result entry and send it to visualize.
Multi-source simulations with the ONA
INTERCONNECT simulations of circuits with active elements can be done using an ONA in both frequency- and time-domain. In both cases, the simulation setup requires the presence of additional sources (mostly electrical and DC). Naturally, whenever a simulation is run with an ONA along with some other source, the sample rate is not going to be the same between the sources by default. By default, all sources except the ONA gets their sample rate from the Root Element. Only the ONA uses its own sample rate which is defined as the ‘frequency range’. To solve this problem, since INTERCONNECT release 2019b, we added the feature to make the sample rate consistent between the ONA and other sources automatically when both of them appear in the same circuit.
When a simulation is run using an ONA, any electrical sources connected to the same circuit will get their sample rate overwritten by the 'frequency range' parameter of the ONA. The overwriting will not happen if the ONA 'frequency range' is the same as the sample rate of the electrical sources. Also in case of overwritten sample rate, the output window will print a message informing the user that the sample rate has been overwritten. The message is similar to the following:
"Overriding the sample rate/frequency range of $Source_Name$ with the frequency range of ONA ($frequency range$)."
After running the simulation, the sample rate will be restored to the electrical source, with the following warning message:
"Resorting the sample rate/frequency range of $Source_Name$."
If an electrical source is shared by two (or more) circuits driven by two (or more) different ONA's then the solver will take the first ONA in the element list and overwrite the frequency range and sample rate of the other ONAs and the shared electrical source.