Microwave loss
Keywords
electrical, unidirectional
Ports
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| input | Electrical Signal |
| output | Electrical Signal |
Properties
General Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
name Defines the name of the element. |
Microwave Loss | - | - |
|
annotate Defines whether or not to display annotations on the schematic editor. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
enabled Defines whether or not the element is enabled. |
true | - | [true, false] |
|
type Defines the element unique type (read only). |
Microwave Loss | - | - |
|
description A brief description of the elements functionality. |
Microwave loss | - | - |
|
prefix Defines the element name prefix. |
LOSS | - | - |
|
model Defines the element model name. |
- | - | - |
|
library Defines the element location or source in the library (custom or design kit). |
- | - | - |
|
local path Defines the local path or working folder $LOCAL for the element. |
- | - | - |
|
url An optional URL address pointing to the element online help. |
- | - | - |
Standard Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
length The interaction length of the modulator. |
1 | m | [0, +∞) |
|
loss type Defines if the loss is constant or frequency dependent. Frequency dependency can be linear (~1/f), square root [~1/sqrt(f)] or from a table. |
constant | - | [constant, linear, square root, table |
|
microwave loss Defines the microwave loss. |
0 | dB/m | [0, +∞) |
|
loss reference frequency Central frequency of operation. |
1 | Hz | [0, +∞) |
|
load loss from file Defines whether or not to load frequency dependent attenuation values from an input file or to use the currently stored values. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
loss filename The file containing the frequency dependent attenuation values. Refer to the Implementation Details section for the format expected. |
- | - | - |
|
loss table The table containing the frequency dependent attenuation values |
<2> [1, 0] | - | - |
Numerical/Digital Filter Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
single tap filter Defines whether or not to use a single tap digital filter to represent the element transfer function in time domain. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
number of taps estimation Defines the method used to estimate the number of taps of the digital filter. |
fit tolerance | - | [disabled, fit tolerance, group delay |
|
filter fit tolerance Defines the mean square error for the fitting function. |
0.001 | - | (0, 1) |
|
window function Defines the window type for the digital filter. |
rectangular | - | [rectangular, hamming, hanning |
|
number of fir taps Defines the number of coefficients for digital filter. |
256 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
maximum number of fir taps Defines the number of coefficients for digital filter. |
4096 | - | [1, +∞) |
|
filter delay Defines the time delay equivalent to a number of coefficients for digital filter. |
0 | s | [0, +∞) |
|
initialize filter taps Defines whether to use the initial input signal to initialize filter state values or to set them to zero values. |
false | - | [true, false] |
Diagnostic Properties
| Name | Default value | Default unit | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
|
run diagnostic Enables the frequency response of the designed filter implementation and the ideal frequency response to be generated as results. |
false | - | [true, false] |
|
diagnostic size The number of frequency points used when calculating the filter frequency response. |
1024 | - | [2, +∞) |
Results
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| diagnostic/response #/transmission | The complex transmission vs. frequency corresponding to the ideal and designed filter. |
| diagnostic/response #/gain | The gain vs. frequency corresponding to the ideal and designed filter. |
| diagnostic/response #/error | Mean square error comparing the frequency response of the designed filter implementation with the ideal frequency response. |
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Implementation Details
Following is an example and implementation details of how the Microwave Loss Element works, please see the example file: Microwave_Loss.icp
The key characteristics of this element are in the "standard" setting, the "length", "microwave loss", "loss type" and "loss reference frequency". Following figure shows the measured losses for different loss types (constant, linear and square root) with 1 m of interaction of modulator length, 1 dB/m microwave loss and 10 GHz central frequency of operation.