Variable | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
electrical_bandwidth_data |
Matrix
|
N x 2 matrix containing the 3-dB cutoff frequency (Hz) of the electrical phase modulator as a function of bias voltage (V), where N is the number of bias voltages, and the columns contain:
Note: this data is the RC bandwidth. The overall 3-dB bandwidth of a ring modulator is determined by both the RC bandwidth of the phase modulator and the photo lifetime of the optical cavity. |
phase_shifter_data |
N x 3 matrix containing the effective index change of the electrical phase shifter as a function of bias voltage (V), where N is the number of bias voltages, and the columns contain:
Note: Here, "change" refers to the difference between the effective index at a bias point and the effective index when there is no bias. |
|
thermal_bandwidth_data |
Number |
A single value containing the 3-dB cutoff frequency of the thermal phase shifter. |
thermal_tuner_data |
Matrix |
N x 2 matrix containing either the shift in round-trip phase (rad) shift of the ring as a function of input power (W) or the shift in resonance wavelength (m) as a function of input power (W). N is the number of power values measured, and the columns contain:
|
radius |
Number
|
Radius of the ring (m) |
hangover_length |
Waveguide length (m) between the center of the coupling region and the optical ports on either side. Note: It's expected that the ring is centered, meaning that this is ideally half the total length of the straight waveguide. |
|
junction_fill_factor |
Fraction of the ring (m/m) which contains electrical phase shifter waveguide. This is given by \(f = L_{eo}/2\pi r\), where \(L_{eo}\) is the total length of the electro-optic phase shifter within the ring. |
|
thermal_fill_factor |
Fraction of the ring (m/m) for which contains thermal phase shifter waveguide. This is given by \(f = L_{to}/2\pi r\), where \(L_{to}\) is the total length of the thermo-optic phase shifter within the ring. |
|
high_loss_waveguide_fill_factor |
Fraction of the ring (m/m) which contains doped waveguide. This is given by \(f = L_{d}/2\pi r\), where \(L_{d}\) is the total length of the doped region within the ring. |
|
Lc |
Coupling length of the bus directional couplers for both top and bottom rings |
|
Lc2 |
Coupling length of the directional coupler located between the two rings. If not provided, this is assumed to be the same value as Lc. |
|
couplercoeff |
Cell
|
A cell array containing 2 x 2 matrix of the coefficients (described below) to model the directional couplers for both top and bottom rings (first element) and the directional coupler located between the two rings (second element). If not provided, this coupler is assumed to be the same value as other couplers. The power of coupled from the waveguide to the ring is given by the following: $$couplercoeff \equiv \begin{bmatrix} CC_{11} & CC_{12} \\ CC_{21} & CC_{22} \end{bmatrix}$$ $$k_0 = C_{11} + \lambda C_{12}$$ $$k_L = C_{21} + \lambda C_{22}$$ $$P = \|\imath \cdot sin(k_0 + L_c * k_L)\|^2$$ The units for the couplercoeff matrix are given by: $$\begin{bmatrix} rad & rad/m \\ rad/m & rad/m^2 \end{bmatrix}$$ Notes:
|
coupler_lambda_min |
Number
|
Minimum wavelength (m) for which coupler coefficients are valid. |
coupler_lambda_max |
Maximum wavelength (m) for which coupler coefficients are valid. |
|
wavelength_data |
Center wavelength (m) of the band for which the mode properties below are provided. |
|
temperature_data |
Temperature (K) for which the mode properties below are provided. |
|
neff_all |
Matrix |
1 x 3 matrix containing the unbiased effective index of the different waveguide segments, in the following order: undoped_ring_waveguide, doped_ring_waveguide, hangover_waveguide |
dneff_dT |
Number |
Effective index temperature sensitivity (1/K) for all waveguide types. Note: Thermal effects can be neglected by setting this to 0. |
ng_all |
Matrix
|
1 x 3 matrix containing the group index of the different waveguide segments, in the following order: undoped_ring_waveguide, doped_ring_waveguide, hangover_waveguide |
loss_all |
1 x 3 matrix containing the loss (dB/m) of the different waveguide segments, in the following order: undoped_ring_waveguide, doped_ring_waveguide, hangover_waveguide Note: Loss should be provided as a positive number. |
Electrical Behavior of thermal tuner
The electrical behavior of the thermal tuner can either be modeled linearly via a resistance value, or non-linearly by providing an I-V characteristic. The IV data are linearly interpolated to obtain the electrical behavior. Either oneof the following values must be provided to enable modelling of electrical behavior.
Note: If IV data is provided, it will take preference over R_thermal_tuner data.
Variable | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
IV |
Matrix |
C x 2 matrix containing the current (Amp) versus bias voltage (V) characteristic of the heater for the default phase shifter length, where C is the number of bias points, and the columns contain:
Notes:
|
R_thermal_tuner |
Number |
Resistance (\(\Omega)\) of the heater for the default length of the phase shifter. Note: Using a linear model is suitable for resistive heaters, but for voltage-dependent models an IV characteristic should be used instead. |
QA Reference Data and Model Tuning Targets
This data is used as the reference data for CML Compiler to run QA tests on the final model. In the meanwhile, this data can be used as FOM targets by CML Compiler to fine-tune the internal model to provide the expected behavior, according to the enable/disable condition of the Tuning Variables (i.e., lock_resonant_wavelength, lock_FSR, lock_mod_eff, and lock_mod_eff_thermal). For more information, see Tuning Active Compact Models .
Note: To pass QA tests, user should make sure that this data matches the final model behavior.
Variable | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
resonant_wavelength |
Struct
|
The resonant wavelength (m) of the ring switch at a temperature of 300K with no applied electrical or thermal phase shift, provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal resonant wavelength in meter. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). |
FSR |
The free spectral range (m) of the ring switch provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal free spectral range in meter. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). |
|
IL |
The overall insertion loss (dB) of the ring switch at resonance provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal insertion loss in dB. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). Note: Tuning is not supported for this FOM and it will only be used as a reference value for QA test. |
|
Q |
The quality factor (m/m) of the ring switch near resonance provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal quality factor. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/m. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/m. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). Note: Tuning is not supported for this FOM and it will only be used as a reference value for QA test. |
|
IL_drop |
The overall insertion loss (dB) of the ring switch at drop port at resonance provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: |
|
ER |
The extinction ratio (dB) of the ring switch at resonance for drop signal provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: |
|
mod_eff |
Overall electro-optic modulation efficiency (m/V) of the ring switch within the range described by mod_eff_voltage1 and mod_eff_voltage2 provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal modulation efficiency in m/V. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/V. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/V. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). |
|
mod_eff_voltage1 |
Number
|
Lower limit of the voltage (V) range over which mod_eff has been measured. Note: Electrical phase shifter voltage is taken as V_anode-V_cathode |
mod_eff_voltage2 |
Upper limit of the voltage (V) range over which mod_eff has been measured. Note: Electrical phase shifter voltage is taken as V_anode-V_cathode |
|
mod_eff_thermal |
Struct |
Overall thermo-optic modulation efficiency (m/W) of the ring switch for input power between Ppi_thermal_power1 and Ppi_thermal_power2 provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields: default_value: The nominal thermo-optic modulation efficiency in units of m/W. visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user. min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/W. max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in m/W. Note: Fields 'min' and 'max' are optional and must be provided only when 'visible_to_user' is set to 1 (true). |
mod_eff_thermal_power1 |
Number
|
Lower limit of the power (W) range over which mod_eff_thermal has been measured. |
mod_eff_thermal_power2 |
Upper limit of the power (W) range over which mod_eff_thermal has been measured. Note: mod_eff_thermal_power1 and mod_eff_thermal_power2 values must be within the range of I*V values provided. |