Mach-Zehnder Modulator Data file

Center wavelength (m) of the band for which all the mode properties are provided.

1 x 1 cell array. Each element of the cell is a struct with fields:

• name: string with the name of the mode ("TE" or "TM")
• ID: integer to identify the mode, which should be 1 for "TE" and 2 for "TM". These should be consistent across the entire CML.

This model only supports a single mode.

Temperature (K) for which the waveguide mode properties below are provided.

1 x 6 matrix containing the effective index of the different waveguide segments, where the columns contain the effective index of the:

1. passive waveguide
2. thermal tuner (at 0 bias)
3. passive to electrically active waveguide transition
4. electrically active waveguide region (at 0V bias)
5. electrically active to passive waveguide transition
6. passive waveguide

The effective index of the taper regions can be approximate. The effective index should be measured with 0V applied bias.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

Thermal sensitivity (1/K) of effective index of all waveguide types with respect to ambient temperature. Thermal effects can be neglected by setting this to 0.

1 x 6 matrix containing the group index of the different waveguide segments, where the columns contain the group index of the:

1. passive waveguide
2. thermal tuner (at 0 bias)
3. passive to electrically active waveguide transition
4. electrically active waveguide region (at 0V bias)
5. electrically active to passive waveguide transition
6. passive waveguide

The group index of the taper regions can be approximate. The group index should be measured with 0V applied bias.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

1 x 6 matrix containing the dispersion(s/m/m) of the different waveguide segments, where the columns contain the dispersion of the:

1. passive waveguide
2. thermal tuner (at 0 bias)
3. passive to electrically active waveguide transition
4. electrically active waveguide region (at 0V bias)
5. electrically active to passive waveguide transition
6. passive waveguide

The dispersion of the taper regions can be approximate. The dispersion should be measured with 0V applied bias.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

1 x 6 matrix containing the loss (dB/m) of the different waveguide segments, where the columns contain the loss of the:

1. passive waveguide
2. thermal tuner (at 0 bias)
3. passive to electrically active waveguide transition
4. electrically active waveguide region (at 0 V bias)
5. electrically active to passive waveguide transition
6. passive waveguide

The loss of the taper regions can be approximate. The loss should be measured with 0 V applied bias.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

1 x 6 matrix containing the length (m) of the different waveguide segments, where the columns contain the length of the:

1. passive waveguide
2. thermal tuner (at 0 bias)
3. passive to electrically active waveguide transition
4. electrically active waveguide region (at 0V bias)
5. electrically active to passive waveguide transition
6. passive waveguide

For unbalanced MZMs, use the length of the smaller arm for the passive waveguide section. See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

Note: If wg_length.visible is set to true within the .lsf file, the electrical_phase_shifter length will be visible to the user.

Length of waveguide (m) before the splitters.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

Length of waveguide (m) after the splitters.

See Internal Model Diagram in photonic model page for a diagram showing the role of each section.

Estimated loss (dB) of the splitter at notch wavelength. This is the loss for a single splitter. The model assumes that both splitters are identical.

N x 2 matrix containing the 3-dB cutoff frequency (Hz) of the electrical modulator as a function of bias voltage (V), where N is the number of bias voltages, and the columns contain:

1. Bias voltage (V) given by \(V_{bias} = V_{anode} - V_{cathode}\)
2. 3-dB cutoff frequency (Hz)

N x 3 matrix containing the effective index change of the electrical phase shifter as a function of bias voltage (V), where N is the number of bias voltages, and the columns contain:

1. Bias voltage (V) given by \(V_{bias} = V_{anode} - V_{cathode}\)
2. Change in the real portion of the effective index
3. Change in the imaginary portion of the effective index

Here, "change" refers to the difference between the effective index at a bias point and the effective index when there is no bias.

A single value containing the 3-dB cutoff frequency of the thermal phase shifter.

N x 2 matrix containing the optical phase shift of the thermal phase shifter as a function of input power (W), where N is the number of power values, and the columns contain:

1. Power (W)
2. Change in the optical phase (rad)

Here, "shift" refers to the difference between the optical phase at a bias point and the optical phase when there is no bias.

Default value for imbalance length (m). This value is always positive. This parameter should be set to 0 for a balanced MZM.

Note: If imbalance_length.visible is set to true within the .lsf file, this will be visible to the user.

A text file containing splitter s-parameters in Optical N Port S-Parameter format. The s-parameters must be defined for at least two frequency points.

This data must be provided in a separate text file, the name of which must be provided within the parameter LSF file.

Note: It's preferable to include group delay, as this allows for accurate modelling of the group delay between the different ports of the element. For more information on providing group delay, see group delay specification in s-parameter elements.

C x 2 matrix containing the current (A) versus bias voltage (V) characteristic of the heater for the default phase shifter length, where C is the number of bias points, and the columns contain: 

1. Bias voltage (V)
2. Current (A) 

Note: 

• At least two bias points must be provided.
• Bias voltage and current values must be positive.
• These data will be used instead of a resistance value, if provided.
• The IV values must fall within the range of power values provided in thermal_tuner_data. 

Resistance (\(\Omega\)) of the heater for the default length of the phase shifter. 

Using a linear model is suitable for resistive heaters, but for voltage-dependent models an IV characteristic should be used instead.

The resonant wavelength (m) of the MZM at a temperature of 300K with no applied electrical or thermal phase shift provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal resonant wavelength in meter.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true).

This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM

The free spectral range (m) of the MZM provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal free spectral range in meter.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in meter.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true).

This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM.

The overall insertion loss (dB) of the MZM in the off-resonance region (as explained in the Spectrum Data Visualization in photonic model page) provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal insertion loss in dB.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true).

The extinction ratio (dB) of the MZM (as explained in the Spectrum Data Visualization in photonic model page) at the voltage given by ER_V1_voltage provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal extinction ratio at ER_V1_voltage in dB.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true). This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM.

Electrical phase shifter voltage (V) for which ER_V1 is provided.

This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM.

The extinction ratio (dB) of the MZM (as explained in the Spectrum Data Visualization in photonic model page) at the voltage given by ER_V2_voltage

provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal extinction ratio at ER_V2_voltage in dB.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in dB.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true). This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM

Electrical phase shifter voltage (V) for which ER_V2 is provided.

See Spectrum Data Visualization in photonic model page for a visualization of IL and ER data.

This parameter is not required for a balanced MZM.

Vpi (V) of the electrical phase shifter on each arm (as explained in the Vpi Data Visualization in photonic model page) for voltages between Vpi_electrical_voltage1 and Vpi_electrical_voltage2 provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal Vpi of the electrical phase shifters in Volt.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in Volt.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in Volt.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true).

Lower limit of the voltage (V) range over which Vpi_electrical is calculated.

Upper limit of the voltage (V) range over which Vpi_electrical is calculated.

Power (W) for pi phase shift of the thermal tuner (single arm) for input power between Ppi_thermal_power1 and Ppi_thermal_power2 provided as a struct. The struct has the following fields:

• default_value: The nominal Ppi of the thermal tuners in Watt.
• visible_to_user: Boolean flag to turn this FOM into a visible parameter for the CML user.
• min: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in Watt.
• max: If the FOM is used as a parameter then the minimum allowed value in Watt.

Fields "min" and "max" are optional and must be provided only when "visible_to_user" is set to 1 (true).

Lower limit of the power (W) range over which Ppi_thermal is calculated.

Upper limit of the power (W) range over which Ppi_thermal is calculated.

Ppi_thermal_power1 and Ppi_thermal power2 values must be within the range of I*V values provided.

1. Bias Voltage (V)
2. Junction capacitance (F/m)