A balanced 2x2 Mach-Zehnder modulator model, supporting multiple parameters. Phase shifter length and imbalance length can be parameterized for this unbalanced MZM model.
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Mach-Zehnder Modulator 2x2 - Lumfoundry Template
Template: mzm_2x2_te_c (Lumped model)
Photonic Model: mach_zehnder_modulator_2x2
Quality Assurance Test: mach_zehnder_modulator QA
Parameters: phase shifter length, imbalance length
Virtuoso/Verilog-A Support: No
Required Data
Parameter Script File
[[snippet||7418315142931]]
QA Variables
[[snippet||7418680618643]]
Data File
The photonic model used in this template allows the creation of compact models with either a travelling wave electrode model or a lumped electrode model. Both cases require the data within the table below..
Depending on the model type used, either the data within the Lumped Model or Travelling Wave Electrode section must be provided.
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S13 |
Number
|
Transmission (dB) from optical port 1 (1st input) to optical port 3 (1st output) at zero bias. Note: Used for balanced MZM only. |
S14 |
Transmission (dB) from optical port 1 (1st input) to optical port 4 (2nd output) at zero bias. Note: Used for balanced MZM only. |
Electrical Phase Shifter data
In order to model the electrical phase shifter, either a travelling wave model or a lumped model may be used. The model type used is determined by the a setting within the parameter .lsf file:
use_travelling_wave_electrode = true;
Lumped Model
This data will only be used if the travelling wave electrode is disabled within the parameter LSF file, which is done by setting the use_travelling_wave_electrode setting to false. The data within this section is used to construct an electrical equivalent circuit which captures the bandwidth of the electrical phase shifters. For more information on this equivalent circuit, see Electrical Equivalent Circuit in photonic model page.
Variable | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
Cj |
Matrix |
N x 2 matrix containing the junction capacitance (F/m) of the electrical phase shifter, where N is the number of bias points, and the columns contain:
|
Rj |
Number |
Junction resistance (\(\Omega \cdot m\)) of the phase shifter |
Rp |
Number |
Contact resistance (\(\Omega)\) of the metal pad |
Cp |
Number |
Parasitic capacitance (F) between metal pads |
Travelling Wave Electrode
This data will only be used if the travelling wave electrode is enabled within the parameter LSF file, which is done by setting the use_travelling_wave_electrode setting to true.
Note: These travelling wave parameters will not be used for Verilog-A models.Related Publications
Variable | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
loss_RF | Number | Microwave loss (dB/m) of the travelling wave electrode. |
f0_RF | Central RF frequency of operation (Hz) | |
R0 | Characteristic resistance (\(\Omega\)) of the traveling wave electrode | |
X0 | Characteristic reactance (\(\Omega\)) of the traveling wave electrode | |
Rs | Source resistance (\(\Omega\)) for the traveling wave electrode model | |
Xs | Source reactance (\(\Omega\)) for the traveling wave electrode model | |
Rj | Junction resistance (\(\Omega \cdot m\)) of the electrical phase shifter | |
n_RF | Microwave index of the traveling wave electrode | |
Rl_top | Terminating resistance (\(\Omega\)) of the top electrode | |
Xl_top | Terminating reactance (\(\Omega\)) of the top electrode | |
Rl_bottom | Terminating resistance (\(\Omega\)) of the bottom electrode | |
Xl_bottom | Terminating reactance (\(\Omega\)) of the bottom electrode | |
Cj | Matrix | N x 2 matrix containing the junction capacitance (F/m) of the electrical phase shifter, where N is the number of bias voltages, and the columns contain:
|